Worldwide inequality in access to full text scientific articles: the example of ophthalmology
Identifieur interne : 000612 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000611; suivant : 000613Worldwide inequality in access to full text scientific articles: the example of ophthalmology
Auteurs : Christophe Boudry [France] ; Patricio Alvarez-Mu Oz [Équateur] ; Ricardo Arencibia-Jorge [Cuba] ; Didier Ayena [Togo] ; Niels J. Brouwer [Pays-Bas] ; Zia Chaudhuri [Inde] ; Brenda Chawner [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Emilienne Epee [Cameroun] ; Khalil Erraïs [Tunisie] ; Akbar Fotouhi [Iran] ; Almutez M. Gharaibeh [Jordanie] ; Dina H. Hassanein [Égypte] ; Martina C. Herwig-Carl [Allemagne] ; Katherine Howard [Australie] ; Dieudonne Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo ; Patricia-Ann Laughrea [Canada] ; Fernando A. Lopez [Argentine] ; Juan D. Machin-Mastromatteo [Mexique] ; Fernando K. Malerbi [Brésil] ; Papa Amadou Ndiaye [Sénégal] ; Nina A. Noor [Indonésie] ; Josmel Pacheco-Mendoza [Pérou] ; Vasilios P. Papastefanou [Royaume-Uni] ; Mufarriq Shah [Pakistan] ; Carol L. Shields [États-Unis] ; Ya Xing Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Vasily Yartsev [Russie] ; Frederic Mouriaux [France]Source :
- PeerJ [ 2167-8359 ] ; 2019.
Abstract
The problem of access to medical information, particularly in low-income countries, has been under discussion for many years. Although a number of developments have occurred in the last decade (e.g., the open access (OA) movement and the website Sci-Hub), everyone agrees that these difficulties still persist very widely, mainly due to the fact that paywalls still limit access to approximately 75% of scholarly documents. In this study, we compare the accessibility of recent full text articles in the field of ophthalmology in 27 established institutions located worldwide.
A total of 200 references from articles were retrieved using the PubMed database. Each article was individually checked for OA. Full texts of non-OA (i.e., “paywalled articles”) were examined to determine whether they were available using institutional and Hinari access in each institution studied, using “alternative ways” (i.e., PubMed Central, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, and Online Reprint Request), and using the website Sci-Hub.
The number of full texts of “paywalled articles” available using institutional and Hinari access showed strong heterogeneity, scattered between 0% full texts to 94.8% (mean = 46.8%; SD = 31.5; median = 51.3%). We found that complementary use of “alternative ways” and Sci-Hub leads to 95.5% of full text “paywalled articles,” and also divides by 14 the average extra costs needed to obtain all full texts on publishers’ websites using pay-per-view.
The scant number of available full text “paywalled articles” in most institutions studied encourages researchers in the field of ophthalmology to use Sci-Hub to search for scientific information. The scientific community and decision-makers must unite and strengthen their efforts to find solutions to improve access to scientific literature worldwide and avoid an implosion of the scientific publishing model. This study is not an endorsement for using Sci-Hub. The authors, their institutions, and publishers accept no responsibility on behalf of readers.
Url:
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7850
PubMed: 31687270
PubMed Central: 6825414
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Argentine, Australie, Brésil, Cameroun, Canada, Cuba, France, Inde, Indonésie, Iran, Jordanie, Mexique, Nouvelle-Zélande, Pakistan, Pays-Bas, Pérou, Royaume-Uni, Russie, République populaire de Chine, Sénégal, Togo, Tunisie, Égypte, Équateur, États-Unis
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Herwig-Carl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-14"><institution>University of Bonn, Department of Ophthalmology</institution>,<addr-line>Bonn</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Howard, Katherine" sort="Howard, Katherine" uniqKey="Howard K" first="Katherine" last="Howard">Katherine Howard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-15"><institution>Flinders University</institution>,<addr-line>Adelaide</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo, Dieudonne" sort="Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo, Dieudonne" uniqKey="Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo D" first="Dieudonne" last="Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo">Dieudonne Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff-16"><institution>University of Kinshasa</institution>,<addr-line>Kinshasa</addr-line>,<country>Democratic Republic of the Congo</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Democratic Republic of the Congo</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laughrea, Patricia Ann" sort="Laughrea, Patricia Ann" uniqKey="Laughrea P" first="Patricia-Ann" last="Laughrea">Patricia-Ann Laughrea</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-17"><institution>Laval University, Department of Ophthalmology and Head and Neck Surgery</institution>,<addr-line>Quebec</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lopez, Fernando A" sort="Lopez, Fernando A" uniqKey="Lopez F" first="Fernando A." last="Lopez">Fernando A. Lopez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-18"><institution>Universidad Metropolitana para la Educación y el Trabajo, Centro de Innovación de los Trabajadores, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas</institution>,<addr-line>Buenos Aires</addr-line>,<country>Argentina</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Machin Mastromatteo, Juan D" sort="Machin Mastromatteo, Juan D" uniqKey="Machin Mastromatteo J" first="Juan D." last="Machin-Mastromatteo">Juan D. Machin-Mastromatteo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-19"><institution>Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua</institution>,<addr-line>Chihuahua</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malerbi, Fernando K" sort="Malerbi, Fernando K" uniqKey="Malerbi F" first="Fernando K." last="Malerbi">Fernando K. Malerbi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-20"><institution>Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein</institution>,<addr-line>Sao Paulo</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ndiaye, Papa Amadou" sort="Ndiaye, Papa Amadou" uniqKey="Ndiaye P" first="Papa Amadou" last="Ndiaye">Papa Amadou Ndiaye</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-21"><institution>Cheikh Anta Diop University, Abass NDAO Hospital</institution>,<addr-line>Dakar</addr-line>,<country>Senegal</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Sénégal</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Noor, Nina A" sort="Noor, Nina A" uniqKey="Noor N" first="Nina A." last="Noor">Nina A. Noor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-22"><institution>JEC Eye Hospitals and Clinics</institution>,<addr-line>Jakarta</addr-line>,<country>Indonesia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Indonésie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pacheco Mendoza, Josmel" sort="Pacheco Mendoza, Josmel" uniqKey="Pacheco Mendoza J" first="Josmel" last="Pacheco-Mendoza">Josmel Pacheco-Mendoza</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-23"><institution>Unidad de Investigación en Bibliometría, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola</institution>,<addr-line>Lima</addr-line>,<country>Peru</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Papastefanou, Vasilios P" sort="Papastefanou, Vasilios P" uniqKey="Papastefanou V" first="Vasilios P." last="Papastefanou">Vasilios P. Papastefanou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-24"><institution>Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust. Moorfields Eye Hospital</institution>,<addr-line>London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shah, Mufarriq" sort="Shah, Mufarriq" uniqKey="Shah M" first="Mufarriq" last="Shah">Mufarriq Shah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-25"><institution>Pakistan Institute of Community Ophthalmology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Department of Optometry</institution>,<addr-line>Peshawar</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shields, Carol L" sort="Shields, Carol L" uniqKey="Shields C" first="Carol L." last="Shields">Carol L. Shields</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-26"><institution>Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University</institution>,<addr-line>Philadelphia, PA</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Ya Xing" sort="Wang, Ya Xing" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Ya Xing" last="Wang">Ya Xing Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-27"><institution>Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory</institution>,<addr-line>Beijing</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yartsev, Vasily" sort="Yartsev, Vasily" uniqKey="Yartsev V" first="Vasily" last="Yartsev">Vasily Yartsev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-28"><institution>Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases</institution>,<addr-line>Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mouriaux, Frederic" sort="Mouriaux, Frederic" uniqKey="Mouriaux F" first="Frederic" last="Mouriaux">Frederic Mouriaux</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-29"><institution>Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRA, CHU de Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer)</institution>,<addr-line>Rennes</addr-line>,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-30"><institution>Service d’ophtalmologie, CHU de Rennes</institution>,<addr-line>Rennes</addr-line>,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">31687270</idno><idno type="pmc">6825414</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6825414</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:6825414</idno><idno type="doi">10.7717/peerj.7850</idno><date when="2019">2019</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000270</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000270</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000269</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000269</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000097</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000097</idno><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><idno 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wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-1"><institution>Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Média Normandie</institution>,<addr-line>Caen</addr-line>,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-2"><institution>URFIST, Ecole Nationale des Chartes, PSL Research University</institution>,<addr-line>Paris</addr-line>,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alvarez Mu Oz, Patricio" sort="Alvarez Mu Oz, Patricio" uniqKey="Alvarez Mu Oz P" first="Patricio" last="Alvarez-Mu Oz">Patricio Alvarez-Mu Oz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-3"><institution>Universidad Estatal de Milagro</institution>,<addr-line>Milagro</addr-line>,<country>Ecuador</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Équateur</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arencibia Jorge, Ricardo" sort="Arencibia Jorge, Ricardo" uniqKey="Arencibia Jorge R" first="Ricardo" last="Arencibia-Jorge">Ricardo Arencibia-Jorge</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-4"><institution>Empresa de Tecnologías de la Información (ETI), Grupo de las Industrias Biotecnológica y Farmacéutica (BioCubaFarma)</institution>,<addr-line>Havana</addr-line>,<country>Cuba</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cuba</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayena, Didier" sort="Ayena, Didier" uniqKey="Ayena D" first="Didier" last="Ayena">Didier Ayena</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-5"><institution>Université de Lomé, Faculté des Sciences de la santé, Hôpital de Bè</institution>,<addr-line>Lomé</addr-line>,<country>Togo</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Togo</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brouwer, Niels J" sort="Brouwer, Niels J" uniqKey="Brouwer N" first="Niels J." last="Brouwer">Niels J. Brouwer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-6"><institution>Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology</institution>,<addr-line>Leiden</addr-line>,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chaudhuri, Zia" sort="Chaudhuri, Zia" uniqKey="Chaudhuri Z" first="Zia" last="Chaudhuri">Zia Chaudhuri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-7"><institution>University of Delhi, Lady Hardinge Medical College, PGIMER, Dr RML Hospital</institution>,<addr-line>New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chawner, Brenda" sort="Chawner, Brenda" uniqKey="Chawner B" first="Brenda" last="Chawner">Brenda Chawner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-8"><institution>Victoria University of Wellington, School of Information Management</institution>,<addr-line>Wellington</addr-line>,<country>New Zealand</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Epee, Emilienne" sort="Epee, Emilienne" uniqKey="Epee E" first="Emilienne" last="Epee">Emilienne Epee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-9"><institution>Université de Yaoundé, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales</institution>,<addr-line>Yaoundé</addr-line>,<country>Cameroon</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Errais, Khalil" sort="Errais, Khalil" uniqKey="Errais K" first="Khalil" last="Erraïs">Khalil Erraïs</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-10"><institution>Université de Tunis El-Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis</institution>,<addr-line>Tunis</addr-line>,<country>Tunisia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fotouhi, Akbar" sort="Fotouhi, Akbar" uniqKey="Fotouhi A" first="Akbar" last="Fotouhi">Akbar Fotouhi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-11"><institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<addr-line>Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gharaibeh, Almutez M" sort="Gharaibeh, Almutez M" uniqKey="Gharaibeh A" first="Almutez M." last="Gharaibeh">Almutez M. Gharaibeh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-12"><institution>University of Jordan, Faculty of Medicine</institution>,<addr-line>Amman</addr-line>,<country>Jordan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Jordanie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassanein, Dina H" sort="Hassanein, Dina H" uniqKey="Hassanein D" first="Dina H." last="Hassanein">Dina H. Hassanein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-13"><institution>Cairo University, Ophthalmology Department</institution>,<addr-line>Cairo</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herwig Carl, Martina C" sort="Herwig Carl, Martina C" uniqKey="Herwig Carl M" first="Martina C." last="Herwig-Carl">Martina C. Herwig-Carl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-14"><institution>University of Bonn, Department of Ophthalmology</institution>,<addr-line>Bonn</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Howard, Katherine" sort="Howard, Katherine" uniqKey="Howard K" first="Katherine" last="Howard">Katherine Howard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-15"><institution>Flinders University</institution>,<addr-line>Adelaide</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo, Dieudonne" sort="Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo, Dieudonne" uniqKey="Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo D" first="Dieudonne" last="Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo">Dieudonne Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff-16"><institution>University of Kinshasa</institution>,<addr-line>Kinshasa</addr-line>,<country>Democratic Republic of the Congo</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Democratic Republic of the Congo</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laughrea, Patricia Ann" sort="Laughrea, Patricia Ann" uniqKey="Laughrea P" first="Patricia-Ann" last="Laughrea">Patricia-Ann Laughrea</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-17"><institution>Laval University, Department of Ophthalmology and Head and Neck Surgery</institution>,<addr-line>Quebec</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lopez, Fernando A" sort="Lopez, Fernando A" uniqKey="Lopez F" first="Fernando A." last="Lopez">Fernando A. Lopez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-18"><institution>Universidad Metropolitana para la Educación y el Trabajo, Centro de Innovación de los Trabajadores, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas</institution>,<addr-line>Buenos Aires</addr-line>,<country>Argentina</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Machin Mastromatteo, Juan D" sort="Machin Mastromatteo, Juan D" uniqKey="Machin Mastromatteo J" first="Juan D." last="Machin-Mastromatteo">Juan D. Machin-Mastromatteo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-19"><institution>Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua</institution>,<addr-line>Chihuahua</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malerbi, Fernando K" sort="Malerbi, Fernando K" uniqKey="Malerbi F" first="Fernando K." last="Malerbi">Fernando K. Malerbi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-20"><institution>Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein</institution>,<addr-line>Sao Paulo</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ndiaye, Papa Amadou" sort="Ndiaye, Papa Amadou" uniqKey="Ndiaye P" first="Papa Amadou" last="Ndiaye">Papa Amadou Ndiaye</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-21"><institution>Cheikh Anta Diop University, Abass NDAO Hospital</institution>,<addr-line>Dakar</addr-line>,<country>Senegal</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Sénégal</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Noor, Nina A" sort="Noor, Nina A" uniqKey="Noor N" first="Nina A." last="Noor">Nina A. Noor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-22"><institution>JEC Eye Hospitals and Clinics</institution>,<addr-line>Jakarta</addr-line>,<country>Indonesia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Indonésie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pacheco Mendoza, Josmel" sort="Pacheco Mendoza, Josmel" uniqKey="Pacheco Mendoza J" first="Josmel" last="Pacheco-Mendoza">Josmel Pacheco-Mendoza</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-23"><institution>Unidad de Investigación en Bibliometría, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola</institution>,<addr-line>Lima</addr-line>,<country>Peru</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Papastefanou, Vasilios P" sort="Papastefanou, Vasilios P" uniqKey="Papastefanou V" first="Vasilios P." last="Papastefanou">Vasilios P. Papastefanou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-24"><institution>Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust. Moorfields Eye Hospital</institution>,<addr-line>London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shah, Mufarriq" sort="Shah, Mufarriq" uniqKey="Shah M" first="Mufarriq" last="Shah">Mufarriq Shah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-25"><institution>Pakistan Institute of Community Ophthalmology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Department of Optometry</institution>,<addr-line>Peshawar</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shields, Carol L" sort="Shields, Carol L" uniqKey="Shields C" first="Carol L." last="Shields">Carol L. Shields</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-26"><institution>Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University</institution>,<addr-line>Philadelphia, PA</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Ya Xing" sort="Wang, Ya Xing" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Ya Xing" last="Wang">Ya Xing Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-27"><institution>Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory</institution>,<addr-line>Beijing</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yartsev, Vasily" sort="Yartsev, Vasily" uniqKey="Yartsev V" first="Vasily" last="Yartsev">Vasily Yartsev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-28"><institution>Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases</institution>,<addr-line>Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mouriaux, Frederic" sort="Mouriaux, Frederic" uniqKey="Mouriaux F" first="Frederic" last="Mouriaux">Frederic Mouriaux</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-29"><institution>Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRA, CHU de Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer)</institution>,<addr-line>Rennes</addr-line>,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff-30"><institution>Service d’ophtalmologie, CHU de Rennes</institution>,<addr-line>Rennes</addr-line>,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PeerJ</title><idno type="eISSN">2167-8359</idno><imprint><date when="2019">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>The problem of access to medical information, particularly in low-income countries, has been under discussion for many years. Although a number of developments have occurred in the last decade (e.g., the open access (OA) movement and the website Sci-Hub), everyone agrees that these difficulties still persist very widely, mainly due to the fact that paywalls still limit access to approximately 75% of scholarly documents. In this study, we compare the accessibility of recent full text articles in the field of ophthalmology in 27 established institutions located worldwide.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A total of 200 references from articles were retrieved using the PubMed database. Each article was individually checked for OA. Full texts of non-OA (i.e., “paywalled articles”) were examined to determine whether they were available using institutional and Hinari access in each institution studied, using “alternative ways” (i.e., PubMed Central, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, and Online Reprint Request), and using the website Sci-Hub.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The number of full texts of “paywalled articles” available using institutional and Hinari access showed strong heterogeneity, scattered between 0% full texts to 94.8% (mean = 46.8%; SD = 31.5; median = 51.3%). We found that complementary use of “alternative ways” and Sci-Hub leads to 95.5% of full text “paywalled articles,” and also divides by 14 the average extra costs needed to obtain all full texts on publishers’ websites using pay-per-view.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>The scant number of available full text “paywalled articles” in most institutions studied encourages researchers in the field of ophthalmology to use Sci-Hub to search for scientific information. The scientific community and decision-makers must unite and strengthen their efforts to find solutions to improve access to scientific literature worldwide and avoid an implosion of the scientific publishing model. This study is not an endorsement for using Sci-Hub. The authors, their institutions, and publishers accept no responsibility on behalf of readers.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aronson, B" uniqKey="Aronson B">B Aronson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Beall, J" uniqKey="Beall J">J Beall</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bendezu Quispe, G" uniqKey="Bendezu Quispe G">G Bendezú-Quispe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nieto Gutierrez, W" uniqKey="Nieto Gutierrez W">W Nieto-Gutiérrez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pacheco Mendoza, J" uniqKey="Pacheco Mendoza J">J Pacheco-Mendoza</name></author><author><name sortKey="Taype Rondan, A" uniqKey="Taype Rondan A">A Taype-Rondan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bohannon, J" uniqKey="Bohannon J">J 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Onishi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Piwowar, H" uniqKey="Piwowar H">H Piwowar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Priem, J" uniqKey="Priem J">J Priem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lariviere, V" uniqKey="Lariviere V">V Larivière</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alperin, Jp" uniqKey="Alperin J">JP Alperin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Matthias, L" uniqKey="Matthias L">L Matthias</name></author><author><name sortKey="Norlander, B" uniqKey="Norlander B">B Norlander</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farley, A" uniqKey="Farley A">A Farley</name></author><author><name sortKey="West, J" uniqKey="West J">J West</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haustein, S" uniqKey="Haustein S">S Haustein</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Russell, C" uniqKey="Russell C">C Russell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez, E" uniqKey="Sanchez E">E Sanchez</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Saleem, F" uniqKey="Saleem F">F Saleem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hasaali, Ma" uniqKey="Hasaali M">MA Hasaali</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ul Haq, N" uniqKey="Ul Haq N">N Ul Haq</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schiermeier, Q" uniqKey="Schiermeier Q">Q Schiermeier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mega, Er" uniqKey="Mega E">ER Mega</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Strielkowski, W" uniqKey="Strielkowski W">W Strielkowski</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tenopir, C" uniqKey="Tenopir C">C Tenopir</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, Cs" uniqKey="Wilson C">CS Wilson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vakkari, P" uniqKey="Vakkari P">P Vakkari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Talja, S" uniqKey="Talja S">S Talja</name></author><author><name sortKey="King, Dw" uniqKey="King D">DW King</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Voronin, Y" uniqKey="Voronin Y">Y Voronin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Myrzahmetov, A" uniqKey="Myrzahmetov A">A Myrzahmetov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bernstein, A" uniqKey="Bernstein A">A Bernstein</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Argentine</li><li>Australie</li><li>Brésil</li><li>Cameroun</li><li>Canada</li><li>Cuba</li><li>France</li><li>Inde</li><li>Indonésie</li><li>Iran</li><li>Jordanie</li><li>Mexique</li><li>Nouvelle-Zélande</li><li>Pakistan</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Pérou</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Russie</li><li>République populaire de Chine</li><li>Sénégal</li><li>Togo</li><li>Tunisie</li><li>Égypte</li><li>Équateur</li><li>États-Unis</li></country></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo, Dieudonne" sort="Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo, Dieudonne" uniqKey="Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo D" first="Dieudonne" last="Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo">Dieudonne Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo</name></noCountry><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Boudry, Christophe" sort="Boudry, Christophe" uniqKey="Boudry C" first="Christophe" last="Boudry">Christophe Boudry</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Boudry, Christophe" sort="Boudry, Christophe" uniqKey="Boudry C" first="Christophe" last="Boudry">Christophe Boudry</name><name sortKey="Mouriaux, Frederic" sort="Mouriaux, Frederic" uniqKey="Mouriaux F" first="Frederic" last="Mouriaux">Frederic Mouriaux</name><name sortKey="Mouriaux, Frederic" sort="Mouriaux, Frederic" uniqKey="Mouriaux F" first="Frederic" last="Mouriaux">Frederic Mouriaux</name></country><country name="Équateur"><noRegion><name sortKey="Alvarez Mu Oz, Patricio" sort="Alvarez Mu Oz, Patricio" uniqKey="Alvarez Mu Oz P" first="Patricio" last="Alvarez-Mu Oz">Patricio Alvarez-Mu Oz</name></noRegion></country><country name="Cuba"><noRegion><name sortKey="Arencibia Jorge, Ricardo" sort="Arencibia Jorge, Ricardo" uniqKey="Arencibia Jorge R" first="Ricardo" last="Arencibia-Jorge">Ricardo Arencibia-Jorge</name></noRegion></country><country name="Togo"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ayena, Didier" sort="Ayena, Didier" uniqKey="Ayena D" first="Didier" last="Ayena">Didier Ayena</name></noRegion></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><noRegion><name sortKey="Brouwer, Niels J" sort="Brouwer, Niels J" uniqKey="Brouwer N" first="Niels J." last="Brouwer">Niels J. Brouwer</name></noRegion></country><country name="Inde"><noRegion><name sortKey="Chaudhuri, Zia" sort="Chaudhuri, Zia" uniqKey="Chaudhuri Z" first="Zia" last="Chaudhuri">Zia Chaudhuri</name></noRegion></country><country name="Nouvelle-Zélande"><noRegion><name sortKey="Chawner, Brenda" sort="Chawner, Brenda" uniqKey="Chawner B" first="Brenda" last="Chawner">Brenda Chawner</name></noRegion></country><country name="Cameroun"><noRegion><name sortKey="Epee, Emilienne" sort="Epee, Emilienne" uniqKey="Epee E" first="Emilienne" last="Epee">Emilienne Epee</name></noRegion></country><country name="Tunisie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Errais, Khalil" sort="Errais, Khalil" uniqKey="Errais K" first="Khalil" last="Erraïs">Khalil Erraïs</name></noRegion></country><country name="Iran"><noRegion><name sortKey="Fotouhi, Akbar" sort="Fotouhi, Akbar" uniqKey="Fotouhi A" first="Akbar" last="Fotouhi">Akbar Fotouhi</name></noRegion></country><country name="Jordanie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Gharaibeh, Almutez M" sort="Gharaibeh, Almutez M" uniqKey="Gharaibeh A" first="Almutez M." last="Gharaibeh">Almutez M. 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Herwig-Carl</name></noRegion></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Howard, Katherine" sort="Howard, Katherine" uniqKey="Howard K" first="Katherine" last="Howard">Katherine Howard</name></noRegion></country><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Laughrea, Patricia Ann" sort="Laughrea, Patricia Ann" uniqKey="Laughrea P" first="Patricia-Ann" last="Laughrea">Patricia-Ann Laughrea</name></noRegion></country><country name="Argentine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lopez, Fernando A" sort="Lopez, Fernando A" uniqKey="Lopez F" first="Fernando A." last="Lopez">Fernando A. Lopez</name></noRegion></country><country name="Mexique"><noRegion><name sortKey="Machin Mastromatteo, Juan D" sort="Machin Mastromatteo, Juan D" uniqKey="Machin Mastromatteo J" first="Juan D." last="Machin-Mastromatteo">Juan D. Machin-Mastromatteo</name></noRegion></country><country name="Brésil"><noRegion><name sortKey="Malerbi, Fernando K" sort="Malerbi, Fernando K" uniqKey="Malerbi F" first="Fernando K." last="Malerbi">Fernando K. Malerbi</name></noRegion></country><country name="Sénégal"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ndiaye, Papa Amadou" sort="Ndiaye, Papa Amadou" uniqKey="Ndiaye P" first="Papa Amadou" last="Ndiaye">Papa Amadou Ndiaye</name></noRegion></country><country name="Indonésie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Noor, Nina A" sort="Noor, Nina A" uniqKey="Noor N" first="Nina A." last="Noor">Nina A. Noor</name></noRegion></country><country name="Pérou"><noRegion><name sortKey="Pacheco Mendoza, Josmel" sort="Pacheco Mendoza, Josmel" uniqKey="Pacheco Mendoza J" first="Josmel" last="Pacheco-Mendoza">Josmel Pacheco-Mendoza</name></noRegion></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Papastefanou, Vasilios P" sort="Papastefanou, Vasilios P" uniqKey="Papastefanou V" first="Vasilios P." last="Papastefanou">Vasilios P. Papastefanou</name></noRegion></country><country name="Pakistan"><noRegion><name sortKey="Shah, Mufarriq" sort="Shah, Mufarriq" uniqKey="Shah M" first="Mufarriq" last="Shah">Mufarriq Shah</name></noRegion></country><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Shields, Carol L" sort="Shields, Carol L" uniqKey="Shields C" first="Carol L." last="Shields">Carol L. Shields</name></noRegion></country><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Wang, Ya Xing" sort="Wang, Ya Xing" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Ya Xing" last="Wang">Ya Xing Wang</name></noRegion></country><country name="Russie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Yartsev, Vasily" sort="Yartsev, Vasily" uniqKey="Yartsev V" first="Vasily" last="Yartsev">Vasily Yartsev</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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